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Concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis ArchiMer
Renault, Tristan; Le Deuff, Rose-marie; Chollet, Bruno; Cochennec, Nathalie; Gerard, Andre.
Concomitant sporadic high mortalities were reported in France in May 1994 among batches of hatchery-reared larval Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in 2 hatcheries, and in June and July 1994 among batches of cultured spat of both species in a shellfish nursery. Histological observation showed the presence of cellular abnormalities in moribund animals. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like virus particles in infected larvae and spat of both oyster species. This is the first description of a herpes-like virus infection in larval O.. edulis. Viruses observed in diseased larvae and spat of both species are similar with respect to ultrastructure and morphogenesis, They were detected...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Apoptosis; Virus replication; Concomitant infection; Oyster mortality; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster; Ostrea edulis; European flat oyster; Herpes like virus.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-820.pdf
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Contribution à la validation de la technique de PCR pour la détection du parasite Bonamia ostreae chez l'huître plate, Ostrea edulis ArchiMer
Dubois, Rodolphe.
Bonamia ostreae, l'agent de la bonamiose, est un parasite intracellulaire ayant pour cible les hémocytes (cellules du système de défense) de l'huître plate ostrea edulis. Il induit chez son hôte des lésions branchiales, telles que des perforations ou des indentations pouvant aller jusqu'à la mort du mollusque. Le travail réalisé au cours de ce stage s'inscrivait dans une démarche de validation de méthode de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) pour la détection de ce parasite. Les analyses ont porté sur un lot de trois cent onze huîtres plates ostrea edulis adultes (2-3 ans), issus de captage naturel et provenant de Quiberon (Bretagne). Pour chaque individu, une extraction d'ADN a été réalisée sur un échantillon de coeur et de branchies. Afin de déterminer si...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bonamia Ostreae; Agent pathogène; Bonamiose; Hémocytes; Huître plate; Ostrea edulis; PCR; Validation.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00369/47989/48017.pdf
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Contribution à la validation et à l'optimisation de la technique de PCR pour la détection de Bonamia ostreae chez l'huître plate : Ostrea edulis ArchiMer
Touzeau, Damien.
L'ostréiculture représente une part économique régionale et française importante avec une production d'environ 117 106 Tonnes de coquillages par an (FAO, 2003). Cependant le développement de cette activité peut être limité par des mortalités, parfois massives, dues à des maladies infectieuses. L'huître plate Ostrea edulis a subi deux maladies majeures : la Marteiliose due à Marteilia refringens et la Bonamiose due à Bonamia ostreae. Ces maladies à déclaration obligatoires ont fait chuter la production de 20 000 tonnes dans les années 70 à 2 098 Tonnes aujourd'hui. Suite à ces mortalités, différents programmes de recherche ont été lancés par Ifremer pour tenter de préserver voire de relancer la culture de l'huître plate. Un de ces programmes concerne la...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Huître plate; Ostrea edulis; Parasite; Bonamia ostreae; Technique PCR; ARN 18 S; Diagnostic.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14478/11777.pdf
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Contribution of in Vivo Experimental Challenges to Understanding Flat Oyster Ostrea edulis Resistance to Bonamia ostreae ArchiMer
Morga, Benjamin; Renault, Tristan; Faury, Nicole; Lerond, Sophie; Garcia, Celine; Chollet, Bruno; Joly, Jean-pierre; Lapegue, Sylvie; Harrang, Estelle; Arzul, Isabelle.
Bonamiosis due to the parasite Bonamia ostreae has been associated with massive mortality outbreaks in European flat oyster stocks in Europe. As eradication and treatment are not possible, the control of the disease mainly relies on transfer restriction. Moreover, selection has been applied to produce resistant flat oyster families, which present better survival and lower prevalence than non-selected oysters. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved in resistance to bonamiosis, cellular and molecular responses of 2 oyster groups (selected oysters and wild-type oysters) were analyzed in the context of experimental injection and cohabitation infections. Cellular responses including non-specific esterases detection, ROS production and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bonamia ostreae; Protozoan; Ostrea edulis; Resistance; Experimental infection; Haemocytes; Gene expression; Apoptosis.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00405/51665/52213.pdf
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Contrôle des performances des souches d'huîtres plates résistantes au protozoaire Bonamia ostreae 2ème année ArchiMer
Haure, Joel; Nourry, Max; Le Bayon, Nicolas; Baud, Jean-pierre.
Un contrôle des performances de souches d'huîtres plates, Ostrea edulis, issues d'un plan de sélection a été réalisé d'avril à novembre 1995 en élevage intensif. Un débit d'eau de mer fixé à 4l/heure/huître et un apport nutritif (Skeletonema costatum) de 3.10(9) cellules/jour/huître semblent constituer un bon compromis pour satisfaire les exigences physiologiques de l'huître plate. Les lots d'huîtres résistantes ou tolérantes à Bonamia ostreae présentent de meilleures performances de croissance que les lots témoins. Une hiérarchisation de la croissance validée sur le plan statistique a été mise en évidence comme suit : R6 (F0*F1) > R7 (F1*F2) > Q (lot témoin). La plupart des huîtres ont été infestées par le ver Polydora, malgré le traitement à la...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Génétique quantitative; Ostrea edulis; Bonamia ostreae; Souche résistante.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00048/15875/13297.pdf
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Création d'un banc d'Ostrea edulis ArchiMer
Marteil, Louis.
Depuis 1945, nous avons entrepris en Bretagne la reconstitution des bancs naturels d'Ostrea edulis depuis longtemps disparus ou fortement appauvris. Cette oeuvre a été réalisée d'abord dans les centres de captage du littoral atlantique; elle a été étendue ultérieurement aux côtes de la Manche, de Brest à Cancale, et sur les côtes de Vendée, en baie de Noirmoutier. Les travaux sont réalisés par des organismes professionnels, des sociétés ou des personnes privées suivant qu'il s'agit de terrains voués à la pêche ou à la culture. A l'heure actuelle, plus de vingt gisements ont bénéficié de ces mesures.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Huîtres plates; Ostrea edulis; Bancs naturels; Restructuration; Bretagne.
Ano: 1965 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11503/8073.pdf
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Croissance des huîtres plates en claire et conditions hydrologiques ArchiMer
Trochon, Pierre.
S
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Huîtres; Ostrea edulis; Croissance; Claires ostréicole; Seudre; Marennes Oléron.
Ano: 1960 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11497/8067.pdf
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Croissance et indice de condition de l'huître plate Ostrea edulis élevée en mer et en étang sur la côte méditerranéenne ArchiMer
Paquotte, Philippe; Moriceau, Jacques.
A monitoring of the growth and condition index of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis has been conducted in the Thau Lagoon and in open sea off the Cap d'Agde. Between April and November, its growth is greater in open sea than in the lagoon. In winter, the growth doesn't stop in open sea, but one needs to get away from mussel collection in practicing seabed farming. In these conditions, the oyster's growth, throughout the year, is very close in open sea and in lagoons whereas the condition index is higher in open sea.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Méditerranée; Mer ouverte; Etang de Thau; Indice de condition; Croissance; Ostrea edulis.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/acte-6188.PDF
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Culture in vitro de Bonamia ostreae parasite hémocytaire de l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. ArchiMer
Comps, Michel.
The development of Bonamia ostreae, a parasite responsible for an important disease in the flat oyster plate Ostrea edulis, has been achieved in vitro through the contamination of cultures of explanted oyster tissues. A description of the cultured parasite's cytological characteristics is provided.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Huître plate; Parasite; Bonamia ostreae; Pathologie.
Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/publication-6156.PDF
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Cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas (bivalve molluscs) hemolymph ArchiMer
Hubert, Florence; Van Der Knaap, Wil; Noel, Thierry; Roch, Philippe.
Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) plasma contains cytotoxic activity against both vertebrate (erythrocytes and mouse tumour) and protozoan cells. Procaryotes (Escherichia coli and Vibrio alginolyticus) were not sensitive to the cytotoxicity. The activity was still present in dialyzed samples but was inhibited by heating at 45°C. Large individual variability which was not correlated with protein concentration and an increasing number of reactive specimens following injection, suggested that naive mussels were in various stages of immune response. Purification by anion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration revealed a 320 kDa cytotoxic polymeric protein that acts through a polymerization process after binding onto target cell membranes as...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cytotoxicité; Antibactérien; Hémolymphe; Lysat d'hémocyte; Moule; Huître; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas; Cytotoxicity; Antibacterial; Hemolymph; Hemocyte lysate; Musssel; Oyster; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00039/15008/12333.pdf
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Detection of Bonamia ostreae and B. exitiosa (Haplosporidia) in Ostrea edulis from the Adriatic Sea (Italy) ArchiMer
Nardsi, V.; Arzul, Isabelle; Cargini, D.; Mosca, F.; Calzetta, A.; Traversa, D.; Robert, Maeva; Joly, Jean-pierre; Chollet, Bruno; Renault, Tristan; Tiscar, P. G..
The flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. is widespread along the Italian coasts. In particular, the Manfredonia Gulf (Adriatic Sea) represents an important site where natural beds subsist. Previous monitoring conducted in 1990 by light microscopy and ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of Bonamia-like microcell parasites in some flat oysters: following this observation, a new sampling of O. edulis was carried out at this location in 2007. Of 750 oysters collected, 3 showed the presence of uninucleated microcells (2 to 3 mu m diameter) free or inside the haemocyte cytoplasm by cytology and histopathology. Molecular analysis confirmed that the microcells in 2 oysters were B. exitiosa, whereas in the third oyster the microcells were B. ostreae. Moreover,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bonamia spp.; Ostrea edulis; Molecular analysis; Electron microscopy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11284/7825.pdf
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Development of culture techniques for new bivalve species ArchiMer
Bodoy, Alain; Mercer, J. P..
Were are two main reasons for the development of cultivation techniques of new bivalve species. First, the risk exists that traditionally reared species may be ereadicated or severely depleted by pathogenic agents. For example the Portuguese 0yster Crassostrea angulata. disapeared from the French coasts in the early 1970's and worldwide production of the flat oyster, Oslrea edulis has been dramatically reduced by the effects of Bonamia. Secondly, in some countries production may he self-Iimiting by the size and availabilily of national and international markets and a wider species range could offer some promising new economic opportunities for aquaculturists. In particular this applies to species where there are identifiable market shortfalls.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Haliotis tuberculata; Ostrea edulis; Placopecten magellanicus; Scallops; Ruditapes philippinarum; Manila clam; Molluscs; Cultivation techniques.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1990/publication-3033.pdf
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Development of SNP genotyping arrays in two shellfish species ArchiMer
Lapegue, Sylvie; Harrang, Estelle; Heurtebise, Serge; Flahauw, Emilie; Donnadieu, C.; Gayral, P.; Ballenghien, M.; Genestout, L.; Barbotte, L.; Mahla, R.; Haffray, P.; Klopp, C..
Use of SNPs has been favored due to their abundance in plant and animal genomes, accompanied by the falling cost and rising throughput capacity for detection and genotyping. Here, we present in vitro (obtained from targeted sequencing) and in silico discovery of SNPs, and the design of medium-throughput genotyping arrays for two oyster species, the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. Two sets of 384 SNP markers were designed for two Illumina GoldenGate arrays and genotyped on more than 1000 samples for each species. In each case, oyster samples were obtained from wild and selected populations and from three-generation families segregating for traits of interest in aquaculture. The rate of successfully genotyped...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; GoldenGate technology; Ostrea edulis; Oysters; SNP genotyping.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00172/28369/26677.pdf
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Développement et cycle du parasite responsable de l'épizootie de l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. ArchiMer
Grizel, Henri.
The description, in light microscopy, of the different stages of the evolution of the Ostrea edulis digestive gland parasite enabled the highlighting of an annual evolution cycle in sick oyster populations.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Huître plate; Pathologie; Parasitologie.
Ano: 1975 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1975/acte-6167.PDF
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Diagnosis of herpes-like virus infections in oysters using molecular techniques ArchiMer
Renault, Tristan; Lipart, Cecile.
Several herpes-like virus infections have been reported since 1991 among different bivalve species around the world (Nicolas et al., 1992; Comps and Cochennec, 1993; Renault et al., 1994; Hine and Thome, 1997; Hine 1997). To date, detection of these infections has been strongly correlated with severe losses of oyster larvae and spat. The virus infections are currently diagnosed by laborious histologicai and transmission electron microscopical examinations. These techniques, however, facilitate neither rapid diagnosis nor the ability to analyse large sample numbers.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Diagnosis; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas; Herpes like virus.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-2902.pdf
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Différenciation génétique des populations d'huître plate européenne, Ostrea edulis, à l'aide de marqueurs des génomes mitochondrial et nucléaire ArchiMer
Lapegue, Sylvie; Diaz-almela, E.; Launey, Sophie; Ledu, Christophe; Boudry, Pierre; Naciri-graven, Yamama; Bonhomme, Francois.
Two oyster species are cultivated on the French coasts: the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), which has been introduced from Japan in the 1970's after the disappearance of the Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulala, and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). During the second half of the 1960's, the latter suffered successively from two diseases caused by protozoan parasites: marteiliosis (also called "maladie des Abers") and bonamiosis. In France, its production dropped from 20,000 tian in the 1960's to 2,000 today. The impact of these two pathogens as well as the exploitation of the remaining stocks show the importance of the conservation of this species, the only natural European species, whose population is more and more fragmented.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marqueurs; Génétique population; Génétique; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/acte-3273.pdf
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Diversité et différentiation génétique chez l'huître plate européenne : de la population à l'individu (Actes) ArchiMer
Boudry, Pierre; Launey, Sophie; Diaz-almela, A.; Naciri-graven, Yamama; Ledu, Christophe; Mira, S.; Taris, Nicolas; Bonhomme, Francois; Lapegue, Sylvie.
PCR-based DNA markers enable the study of diversity and differentiation of marine organisms at different stages of their life cycle. Our study of European fiat oyster (Ostrea edulis) populations aimed to describe their spatial and temporal dynamics. First, we analyzed adults sampled over the natural range of the species. An Atlantic/Mediterranean differentiation pattern was observed. Similar patterns of variation were found using allozymes, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, aIl which support an isolation by distance model. High variability was observed in the range of diversity between populations using a mitochondrial marker, a reflection of small effective population sizes in sorne locations. A 10fold quantitative difference was observed in Fst,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Recruitment; Diversity; Molecular markers; Population genetics; Ostrea edulis; Flat oyster; Dynamique de recrutement; Diversité génétique; Microsatellites; Marqueurs moléculaires; Génétique des populations; Ostrea edulis; Huître plate.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/acte-2851.pdf
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Diversité génétique et dynamique du recrutement chez l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. ArchiMer
Lapegue, Sylvie; Boudry, Pierre; Mira, Sara; Taris, Nicolas; Bonhomme, Francois.
In order to understand better some fundamental aspects of the bivalve biology, one has to pay attention to the variance of their breeding success, the time structure of the populations and their effective size. An abundant literature shows the existence of a heterozygote deficit as well as positive relationships between heterozygoty and fitness components. This last point is the subject of explanatory hypotheses which have never been clearly decided between until now. One of these hypotheses is the possible existence of a certain degree of inbreeding among those populations. This is only possible in the case of separated colonies coming from a small amount of spawners, thus creating blood relations between individuals recruited from the same area, and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Reproducteur; Variabilité génétique; Génétique population; Diversité génétique; Ostrea edulis; Huître plate.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/acte-3494.pdf
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Diversité génétique et dynamique du recrutement chez l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. 2002 ArchiMer
Taris, Nicolas.
Cette étude aborde la diversité génétique d'une espèce de bivalve marin, Ostrea edulis et plus particulièrement les interactions existant entre génétique (flux de gènes) et démographie (dynamique de reproduction) à l'échelle de la population. Elle repose sur l'utilisation de marqueurs microsatellites pour tenter de comprendre les facteurs participant à la mise ne place d'une structuration génétique au sein de laquelle peuvent être observés des phénomènes de déficit en hétérozygotes et de ration positive entre hétérozygotie et valeur sélective. L'un des objectifs est en particulier de tester l'hypothèse de consanguinité à l'échelle locale. Pour cela, nous avons étudier la structure génétique de cohortes d'huîtres plates au cours d'une saison de reproduction...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Génétique des Populations; Microsatellites; Diversité génétique; Dynamique de recrutement.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00033/14419/11714.pdf
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Diversité génétique et dynamique du recrutement chez l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. (2003) ArchiMer
Lapegue, Sylvie; Taris, Nicolas; Boudry, Pierre; Langlade, Aime; Bonhomme, Francois.
Le milieu marin est un milieu difficile à appréhender car composé d'un ensemble d'organismes et d'écosystèmes caractérisés par des conditions de fonctionnement tout à fait originales et souvent difficiles d'accès. Ces spécificités peuvent être attribuées à la structure spatiale du milieu marin, qui à bien des égards, diffère du milieu terrestre. En effet si les notions de barrières géographiques sont une réalité concrète pour les organismes terrestres, elles restent rarement identifiées en milieu marin (PALUMBI 1994). Dans un tel environnement, les organismes présentent des cycles de vie souvent mal connus, notamment ceux qui associent phase benthique et phase planctonique. L'étude de la structure génétique des populations, dans un espace aussi ouvert aux...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Diversité génétique; Génétique; Recrutement; Génotypage; Variabilité génétique; Huître plate; Ostrea edulis.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00044/15478/12857.pdf
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